Advanced multi-scale characterization of loess microstructure: Integrating μXCT and FIB-SEM for detailed fabric analysis and geotechnical implications

B. Yu, T.A. Dijkstra, W. Fan, I.J. Smalley, Y.N. Wei, L.S. Deng - Chang’an University / Western China’s Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, Ministry of Education / Loughborough University / Leicester University

The behavior of loess is controlled by its microstructure, consisting of silt sized skeleton particles and complex bonding structures formed by clay-sized particles. Achieving a deep understanding and precise modelling of loess behavior necessitates comprehensive knowledge of the realistic 3D microstructure.

  • Innovative 3D analysis of loess microstructure using μXCT and FIB-SEM.
  • Detailed visualization of clay coatings, bridges, and buttresses in loess.
  • Impact of clay structures on loess geomechanically properties and collapse.
  • Comprehensive characterization of loess particles’ size, shape, and orientation.

Loess, a Quaternary wind-blown deposit, is a problem soil that gives rise to frequent geohazards such as landslides and water-induced subsidence. The behavior of loess is controlled by its microstructure, consisting of silt sized
skeleton particles and complex bonding structures formed by clay-sized particles. Achieving a deep understanding and precise modelling of loess behavior necessitates comprehensive knowledge of the realistic 3D
microstructure. In this paper, a correlative investigation of the 3D loess microstructure is performed using X-ray micro-computed tomography (μXCT) and focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM). Details of clay structures in loess, such as clay coatings, clay bridges and clay buttresses, are visualized and characterized in 3D based on FIB-SEM images with a voxel size of 10 × 10 × 10 nm3. The clay structures exhibit a diverse degree of complexity and their impact on the mechanical properties of loess is highlighted. Statistical analysis of the skeleton particles, including size, shape and orientation, are derived from μXCT images with a voxel size of 0.7 ×0.7 × 0.7 μm3. The findings provide insights into the collapse mechanism and particle-scale modelling of loess. The combination of μXCT and FIB-SEM proves to be a powerful approach for characterizing the intricate microstructures of loess, as well as other geomaterials.

How Amira-Avizo Software is used

The micro- and nano-tomographic data were visualized and analyzed using the commercial software Thermo Fisher Avizo® which provides mainstream image processing modules and allows customized operation development.